Computer Keyboard Shortcuts

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Today I am going to show you basic and advanced computer keyboard shortcuts that are useful for your everyday computer use.

These shortcut keys make it easy to maneuver around computer tasks and computer application tasks faster and make your work efficient and timely.

These shortcuts are used for the following programs and/ or applications.

Word

Excel

Windows

Internet Explorer

Windows System Commands

Firefox

Chrome

Mac

Shortcut Keys For Microsoft Word

Ctrl and A: Selects all in the current document.
Ctrl and B: Bold text.
Ctrl and C: Copies the item or text.
Ctrl and D: Displays the Font dialogue box.
Ctrl and E: Switch a paragraph between center and left alignment.
Ctrl and F: Displays the Find dialog box to search the current document.
Ctrl and G: Displays the Go To dialog box to search for a specific location in the current document.
Ctrl and H: Displays the Replace dialogue box.
Ctrl and I: Italicize text.
Ctrl and J: Switch a paragraph between justified and left alignment.
Ctrl and K: Create a hyperlink.
Ctrl and L: Left align a paragraph.
Ctrl and M: Indent a paragraph from the left.
Ctrl and N: Create a new document.
Ctrl and O: Opens a new document.
Ctrl and P: Prints a document.
Ctrl and R: Switch the alignment of a paragraph between left and right.
Ctrl and S: Saves a document.
Ctrl and U: Underlines text.
Ctrl and V: Pastes the copied item or text.
Ctrl and X: Cuts the selected item or text.
Ctrl and Y: Redo the last action.
Ctrl and Z: Undo the last action.
Ctrl and Enter: Insert a page break.
Ctrl and F2: Select Print Preview command.
Ctrl and F4: Closes the active window.
Ctrl and F6: Opens the next window if multiple are open.
F1 key: Get help on a selected command or use the Office assistant.
Shift and F1 Key: Review text formatting.
F2 Key: Move text or image.
Shift + F2 Key: Copy text.
F3 Key: Insert an auto text entry.
Shift + F3 Key: Change the case of the selected text.
F4 Key: Perform last action again.
Shift + F4 Key: Perform a Find or Go To action again.
F5 Key: Displays the Go To dialogue box. You can also get to Find and Replace from here.
Shift + F5 Key: Move to a previous revision.
F6 Key: Go to the next frame or pane.
Shift + F6 Key: Go to the previous frame or pane.
F7 Key: Launch the Spell Checker.
Shift + F7 Key: Launch the Thesaurus.
F8 Key: Extend the current selection.
Shift + F8 Key: Shrink the current selection.
F9 Key: Refresh.
Shift + F9 Key: Switch between a field code and its result.
F10 Key: Show Key Tips.
Shift + F10 Key: Display a Shortcut Menu (same as right-clicking).
F11 Key: Go to the next field.
SHIFT + F11 Key: Go to the previous field.
F12 Key: Open Save As, equivalent to tools menu.
Shift + F12 Key: Save document, equivalent to tools menu.

Microsoft Excel Shortcut Keys

F2: Edit the active cell.
F5: Displays the Go To box.
F7: Open the Spelling dialogue box to check a selected range.
F11: Create a chart of data in the current range in a separate sheet.
Alt + Shift + F1: Insert a new worksheet.
Shift + F3: Opens Insert Function dialogue box.
Shift + F5: Opens the Find and Replace dialogue box.
Ctrl + Shift + Colon (:): Enter the current time.
Ctrl + Semicolon (;): Enter the current date.
Ctrl + A: Select all content in the worksheet.
Ctrl + B: Bold highlighted selection.
Ctrl + I: Italicize highlighted selection.
Ctrl + K: Open the Insert hyperlink dialogue box.
Ctrl + U: Underline highlighted selection.
Ctrl + 5: Apply strikethrough formatting.
Ctrl + P: Brings up the print dialog box.
Ctrl + Z: Undo.
Ctrl + F9: Minimize a workbook window to an icon.
Ctrl + F10: Maximize a selected workbook window.
Ctrl + F6: Switch to the next workbook window when multiple are open.
Ctrl + Page Up: Move to the previous sheet in a workbook.
Ctrl + Page Down: Move to next sheet in a workbook.
Ctrl + Tab: Switch to next tab in dialogue box.
Ctrl + Apostrophe ('): Insert the value of the above cell into the cell currently selected.
Ctrl + Shift + !: Apply the Number format.
Ctrl + Shift + $: Apply the Currency format.
Ctrl + Shift + #: Apply the Date format.
Ctrl + Shift + %: Apply the Percentage format.
Ctrl + Shift + ^: Apply the Exponential format.
Ctrl + Shift + @: Apply the Time format.
Ctrl + Arrow Key: Move to the edge of the current data region in a worksheet.
Ctrl + Space: Select an entire column in a worksheet.
Shift + Space: Select an entire row in a worksheet.

Windows Shortcut Keys

Windows Key + R: Opens the Run menu.
Windows Key + E: Opens Explorer.
Alt + Tab: Switch between open programs.
Windows Key + Up Arrow: Maximize current window.
Ctrl + Shift + Esc: Open Task Manager.
Windows Key + Break: Opens system properties.
Windows Key + F: Opens search for files and folders.
Windows Key + D: Hide/display the desktop.
Alt + Esc: Switch between programs in order they were opened.
Alt + Letter: Select menu item by underlined letter.
Ctrl + Esc: Open Start menu.
Ctrl + F4: Close active document (does not work with some applications).
Alt + F4: Quit active application or close current window.
Alt + Spacebar: Open menu for active program.
Ctrl + Left or Right Arrow: Move cursor forward or back one word.
Ctrl + Up or Down Arrow: Move cursor forward or back one paragraph.
F1: Open Help menu for active application.
Windows Key + M: Minimize all windows.
Shift + Windows Key + M: Restore windows that were minimized with previous keystroke.
Windows + F1: Open Windows Help and Support.
Windows + Tab: Open Task view.
Windows + Break: Open the System Properties dialog box.
Hold Right SHIFT key for eight seconds: Switch Filter Keys on and off.
Left Alt + Left Shift + Print Screen: Switch High Contrast on and off.
Left Alt + Left Shift + Num Lock: Switch Mouse keys on and off.
Press Shift five times: Switch Sticky keys on and off.
Hold Num Lock for five seconds: Switch Toggle keys on and off.

Internet Explorer Shortcut Keys

Alt + Left Arrow/Backspace: Go back to the previous page.
Alt + Right Arrow: Go to next page.
F5: Refresh page.
F11: Toggle between full-screen and regular view.
Esc: Stop downloading a page.
Ctrl + ( + or -): Zoom in or out of page by 10%.
Ctrl + Enter: Adds www. at the beginning and .com to the end of any text entered in the Address bar.
Ctrl + D: Add the current site to your favorites.
Ctrl + I: View your favorites.
Ctrl + N: Open a new window.
Ctrl + P: Print the current page.
Ctrl + T: Open a new tab.
Ctrl + F4: Closes tabs in the background.
Ctrl + Tab: Switch between tabs.
Spacebar: Click the notification bar.
Shift + Spacebar: Move up one page.
Alt + Down Arrow: Move a selected item down the favorites list.

File Explorer Shortcuts

End: Display bottom of the current window.
Home: Display top of current window.
Left Arrow: Collapse the current selections or select a parent folder.
Right Arrow: Display the current selection or select the first subfolder.

Windows System Commands

You will need to first open the dialogue box by Pressing (Windows Key + R) to run specific programs

devmgmt.msc: Device Manager

msinfo32: System Information
cleanmgr: Disk Cleanup
ntbackup: Backup or restore Wizard (Windows Backup Utility)
mmc: Microsoft Management Console
excel: Microsoft Excel (if installed)
msaccess: Microsoft Access (if installed)
powerpnt: Microsoft PowerPoint (if installed)
winword: Microsoft Word (if installed)
frontpg: Microsoft FrontPage (if installed)
notepad: Notepad
wordpad: WordPad
calc: Calculator
msmsgs: Windows Messenger
mspaint: Microsoft Paint
wmplayer: Windows Media Player
rstrui: System restore
control: Opens the Control Panel
control printers: Opens the printers dialogue box
cmd: Command Prompt
iexplore: Internet Explorer
compmgmt.msc: Computer Management
dhcpmgmt.msc: DHCP Management
dnsmgmt.msc: DNS Management
services.msc: Services
eventvwr: Event Viewer
dsa.msc: Active Directory Users and Computers
dssite.msc: Active Directory Sites and Services

Firefox Keyboard Shortcuts

Windows	Command	Mac OS
Alt + Left Arrow	Go back a page.	Command + Left Arrow
Alt + Right Arrow	Go forward a page.	Command + Right Arrow
F5	Reload current page.	F5
F11	Toggle between full screen and regular screen.	Command + Shift + F
Esc	Stop page from loading.	Esc
Ctrl + Enter	Complete a .com address.	Command + Return
Shift + Enter	Complete a .net address.	Shift + Return
Ctrl + Shift + Enter	Complete a .org address.	Command + Shift + Return
Ctrl + Shift + Delete	Clear recent history.	Command + Shift + Delete
Ctrl + D	Add a bookmark for the current page.	Command + D
Ctrl + Shift + B	Display available bookmarks.	Command + Shift + B
Ctrl + J	Display the download window.	Command + J
Ctrl + N	Open a new browser window.	Command + N
Ctrl + P	Print current page.	Command + P
Ctrl + T	Opens a new tab.	Command + T
Ctrl + W	Close the tab.	Command + W
Ctrl + Shift + W	Close window.	Command + Shift + W
Ctrl + Shift + N	Undo the close of a window.	Command + Shift + N
Ctrl + Shift + T	Undo the close of a tab.	Command + Shift + T
Ctrl + Tab	Moves through each of the open tabs.	Ctrl + Tab
End	Go to bottom of page.	Command + Down Arrow
Home	Go to top of page.	Command + Up Arrow

Shortcuts for Mac

Command + X: Cut selected text and copy it.
Command + C: Copy selected text.
Command + V: Paste copied text.
Command + Z: Undo previous command.
Command + A: Select all items.
Command + F: Open Find window to search text.
Command + H: Hide windows of the front app.
Command + N: Open a new document or window.
Command + O: Open a selected item.
Command + P: Print current document.
Command + S: Save current document.
Command + W: Close front window.
Command + Q: Quit the app.
Command + M: Minimize the front window to the Dock.
Command + Spacebar: Open Spotlight search field.
Command + Tab: Switch between open apps.
Command + B: Bold selected text.
Command + I: Italicize selected text.
Command + U: Underline selected text.
Command + Semicolon (;): Find misspelled words in document.
Option + Command + Esc: Choose an app to force quit.
Shift + Command + Tilde (~): Switch between open windows.
Shift + Command + 3: Take a screenshot.
Fn + Up Arrow: Scroll up one page.
Fn + Down Arrow: Scroll down one page.
Fn + Left Arrow: Scroll to beginning of document.
Fn + Right Arrow: Scroll to end of document.

Finder Shortcuts

Shift + Command + F: Open All My Files window.
Shift + Command + K: Open Network window.
Option + Command + L: Open Downloads folder.
Shift + Command + O: Open documents folder.
Shift + Command + U: Open Utilities folder.
Option + Command + D: Show or hide the Dock.
Shift + Command + N: Create a new folder.
Command + Delete: Move selected item to the Trash.
Shift + Command + Delete: Empty Trash.

Chrome Keyboard Shortcuts

Windows	Command	Mac OS
Ctrl + N	Open new window.	Command + N
Ctrl + T	Open new tab.	Command + T
Ctrl + Shift + T	Reopen the last closed tab.	Command + Shift + T
Ctrl + Tab	Move to next tab.	Command + Option + Right Arrow
Ctrl + Shift + Tab	Move to previous tab.	Command + Option + Left Arrow
Alt + Left Arrow	Open previous page in browsing history.	Command + [
Alt + Right Arrow	Open next page in browsing history.	Command + ]
Ctrl + W	Close current tab.	Command + W
Alt + F4	Close current window.	Command + Shift + W
Ctrl + Shift + O	Open Bookmarks Manager.	Command + Option + B
Ctrl + H	Open History page.	Command + Y
Ctrl + J	Open Downloads page.	Command + Shift + J
Ctrl + F	Open Find Bar.	Command + F
Ctrl + P	Print current page.	Command + P
Ctrl + S	Save current page.	Command + S
F5	Reload current page.	Command + R
Ctrl + D	Save current page as a bookmark.	Command + D
F11	Toggle full-screen mode.	Command + Ctrl + F

Windows 10 Shortcuts

Copy, paste, and other general keyboard shortcuts

Ctrl + X	Cut the selected item.
Ctrl + C (or Ctrl + Insert)	Copy the selected item.
Ctrl + V (or Shift + Insert)	Paste the selected item.
Ctrl + Z	Undo an action.
Alt + Tab	Switch between open apps.
Alt + F4	Close the active item, or exit the active app.
Windows logo key + L	Lock your PC.
Windows logo key + D	Display and hide the desktop.
F2	Rename the selected item.
F3	Search for a file or folder in File Explorer.
F4	Display the address bar list in File Explorer.
F5	Refresh the active window.
F6	Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop.
F10	Activate the Menu bar in the active app.
Alt + F8	Show your password on the sign-in screen.
Alt + Esc	Cycle through items in the order in which they were opened.
Alt + underlined letter	Perform the command for that letter.
Alt + Enter	Display properties for the selected item.
Alt + Spacebar	Open the shortcut menu for the active window.
Alt + Left arrow	Go back.
Alt + Right arrow	Go forward.
Alt + Page Up	Move up one screen.
Alt + Page Down	Move down one screen.
Ctrl + F4	Close the active document (in apps that are full-screen and let you have multiple documents open at the same time).
Ctrl + A	Select all items in a document or window.
Ctrl + D (or Delete)	Delete the selected item and move it to the Recycle Bin.
Ctrl + R (or F5)	Refresh the active window.
Ctrl + Y	Redo an action.
Ctrl + Right arrow	Move the cursor to the beginning of the next word.
Ctrl + Left arrow	Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous word.
Ctrl + Down arrow	Move the cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph.
Ctrl + Up arrow	Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph.
Ctrl + Alt + Tab	Use the arrow keys to switch between all open apps.
Alt + Shift + arrow keys	When a group or tile is in focus on the Start menu, move it in the direction specified.
Ctrl + Shift + arrow keys	When a tile is in focus on the Start menu, move it into another tile to create a folder.
Ctrl + arrow keys	Resize the Start menu when it's open.
Ctrl + arrow key (to move to an item) + Spacebar	Select multiple individual items in a window or on the desktop.
Ctrl + Shift with an arrow key	Select a block of text.
Ctrl + Esc	Open Start.
Ctrl + Shift + Esc	Open Task Manager.
Ctrl + Shift	Switch the keyboard layout when multiple keyboard layouts are available.
Ctrl + Spacebar	Turn the Chinese input method editor (IME) on or off.
Shift + F10	Display the shortcut menu for the selected item.
Shift with any arrow key	Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document.
Shift + Delete	Delete the selected item without moving it to the Recycle Bin first.
Right arrow	Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu.
Left arrow	Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu.
Esc	Stop or leave the current task.
PrtScn	Take a screenshot of your whole screen and copy it to the clipboard. Note You can change this shortcut so it also opens screen snipping, which lets you edit your screenshot. Select Start > Settings > Ease of Access > Keyboard, and turn on the toggle under Print Screen shortcut.

Windows logo key keyboard shortcuts

Windows logo key	Open or close Start.
Windows logo key + A	Open Action center.
Windows logo key + B	Set focus in the notification area.
Windows logo key + C	Open Cortana in listening mode. Notes This shortcut is turned off by default. To turn it on, select Start > Settings > Cortana, and turn on the toggle under Let Cortana listen for my commands when I press the Windows logo key + C. Cortana is available only in certain countries/regions, and some Cortana features might not be available everywhere. If Cortana isn't available or is turned off, you can still use search.
Windows logo key + Shift + C	Open the charms menu.
Windows logo key + D	Display and hide the desktop.
Windows logo key + Alt + D	Display and hide the date and time on the desktop.
Windows logo key + E	Open File Explorer.
Windows logo key + F	Open Feedback Hub and take a screenshot.
Windows logo key + G	Open Game bar when a game is open.
Windows logo key + H	Start dictation.
Windows logo key + I	Open Settings.
Windows logo key + J	Set focus to a Windows tip when one is available. When a Windows tip appears, bring focus to the Tip. Pressing the keyboard shortcuts again to bring focus to the element on the screen to which the Windows tip is anchored.
Windows logo key + K	Open the Connect quick action.
Windows logo key + L	Lock your PC or switch accounts.
Windows logo key + M	Minimize all windows.
Windows logo key + O	Lock device orientation.
Windows logo key + P	Choose a presentation display mode.
Windows logo key + Ctrl + Q	Open Quick Assist.
Windows logo key + R	Open the Run dialog box.
Windows logo key + S	Open search.
Windows logo key + Shift + S	Take a screenshot of part of your screen.
Windows logo key + T	Cycle through apps on the taskbar.
Windows logo key + U	Open Ease of Access Center.
Windows logo key + V	Open the clipboard. Note To activate this shortcut, select Start > Settings > System > Clipboard, and turn on the toggle under Clipboard history.
Windows logo key + Shift + V	Cycle through notifications.
Windows logo key + X	Open the Quick Link menu.
Windows logo key + Y	Switch input between Windows Mixed Reality and your desktop.
Windows logo key + Z	Show the commands available in an app in full-screen mode.
Windows logo key + period (.) or semicolon (;)	Open emoji panel.
Windows logo key + comma (,)	Temporarily peek at the desktop.
Windows logo key + Pause	Display the System Properties dialog box.
Windows logo key + Ctrl + F	Search for PCs (if you're on a network).
Windows logo key + Shift + M	Restore minimized windows on the desktop.
Windows logo key + number	Open the desktop and start the app pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number. If the app is already running, switch to that app.
Windows logo key + Shift + number	Open the desktop and start a new instance of the app pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number.
Windows logo key + Ctrl + number	Open the desktop and switch to the last active window of the app pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number.
Windows logo key + Alt + number	Open the desktop and open the Jump List for the app pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number.
Windows logo key + Ctrl + Shift + number	Open the desktop and open a new instance of the app located at the given position on the taskbar as an administrator.
Windows logo key + Tab	Open Task view.
Windows logo key + Up arrow	Maximize the window.
Windows logo key + Down arrow	Remove current app from screen or minimize the desktop window.
Windows logo key + Left arrow	Maximize the app or desktop window to the left side of the screen.
Windows logo key + Right arrow	Maximize the app or desktop window to the right side of the screen.
Windows logo key + Home	Minimize all except the active desktop window (restores all windows on second stroke).
Windows logo key + Shift + Up arrow	Stretch the desktop window to the top and bottom of the screen.
Windows logo key + Shift + Down arrow	Restore/minimize active desktop windows vertically, maintaining width.
Windows logo key + Shift + Left arrow or Right arrow	Move an app or window in the desktop from one monitor to another.
Windows logo key + Spacebar	Switch input language and keyboard layout.
Windows logo key + Ctrl + Spacebar	Change to a previously selected input.
Windows logo key + Ctrl + Enter	Turn on Narrator.
Windows logo key + Plus (+)	Open Magnifier.
Windows logo key + forward slash (/)	Begin IME reconversion.
Windows logo key + Ctrl + V	Open shoulder taps.
Windows logo key + Ctrl + Shift + B	Wake PC from blank or black screen

Command Prompt keyboard shortcuts

Ctrl + C (or Ctrl + Insert)	Copy the selected text.
Ctrl + V (or Shift + Insert)	Paste the selected text.
Ctrl + M	Enter Mark mode.
Alt + selection key	Begin selection in block mode.
Arrow keys	Move the cursor in the direction specified.
Page up	Move the cursor by one page up.
Page down	Move the cursor by one page down.
Ctrl + Home (Mark mode)	Move the cursor to the beginning of the buffer.
Ctrl + End (Mark mode)	Move the cursor to the end of the buffer.
Ctrl + Up arrow	Move up one line in the output history.
Ctrl + Down arrow	Move down one line in the output history.
Ctrl + Home (History navigation)	If the command line is empty, move the viewport to the top of the buffer. Otherwise, delete all the characters to the left of the cursor in the command line.
Ctrl + End (History navigation)	If the command line is empty, move the viewport to the command line. Otherwise, delete all the characters to the right of the cursor in the command line.

Dialog box keyboard shortcuts

F4	Display the items in the active list.
Ctrl + Tab	Move forward through tabs.
Ctrl + Shift + Tab	Move back through tabs.
Ctrl + number (number 1–9)	Move to nth tab.
Tab	Move forward through options.
Shift + Tab	Move back through options.
Alt + underlined letter	Perform the command (or select the option) that is used with that letter.
Spacebar	Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box.
Backspace	Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box.
Arrow keys	Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons.

File Explorer keyboard shortcuts

Alt + D	Select the address bar.
Ctrl + E	Select the search box.
Ctrl + F	Select the search box.
Ctrl + N	Open a new window.
Ctrl + W	Close the active window.
Ctrl + mouse scroll wheel	Change the size and appearance of file and folder icons.
Ctrl + Shift + E	Display all folders above the selected folder.
Ctrl + Shift + N	Create a new folder.
*Num Lock + asterisk ()**	Display all subfolders under the selected folder.
Num Lock + plus (+)	Display the contents of the selected folder.
Num Lock + minus (-)	Collapse the selected folder.
Alt + P	Display the preview panel.
Alt + Enter	Open the Properties dialog box for the selected item.
Alt + Right arrow	View the next folder.
Alt + Up arrow	View the folder that the folder was in.
Alt + Left arrow	View the previous folder.
Backspace	View the previous folder.
Right arrow	Display the current selection (if it's collapsed), or select the first subfolder.
Left arrow	Collapse the current selection (if it's expanded), or select the folder that the folder was in.
End	Display the bottom of the active window.
Home	Display the top of the active window.
F11	Maximize or minimize the active window.

Virtual desktops keyboard shortcuts

Windows logo key + Tab	Open Task view.
Windows logo key + Ctrl + D	Add a virtual desktop.
Windows logo key + Ctrl + Right arrow	Switch between virtual desktops you’ve created on the right.
Windows logo key + Ctrl + Left arrow	Switch between virtual desktops you’ve created on the left.
Windows logo key + Ctrl + F4	Close the virtual desktop you're using.

Taskbar keyboard shortcuts

Shift + click a taskbar button	Open an app or quickly open another instance of an app.
Ctrl + Shift + click a taskbar button	Open an app as an administrator.
Shift + right-click a taskbar button	Show the window menu for the app.
Shift + right-click a grouped taskbar button	Show the window menu for the group.
Ctrl + click a grouped taskbar button	Cycle through the windows of the group.

Settings keyboard shortcuts

Windows logo key + I	Open settings.
Backspace	Go back to the settings home page.
Type on any page with search box	Search settings.

YouTube Shortcuts

YouTube also offers Shortcut keys functionality. This works when a video is currently running, i.e. the YouTube Video and window must be active.

Play ad Pause a video

Press the spacebar or the ‘K’ key on your keyboard to play and pause a video

Jump to start of a video

Press ‘0’ key or ‘Home’ key to start jump a video to the beginning.

Jump to the end of a video or go to the next video

Press ‘End’ key will go to the end of the video or the next video if you are watching a playlist.

Skip or jump in the video

Fast forward or rewind

In the case of forward/ rewind in increments of five seconds, press left or right arrow keys. You can also use ‘J’ key and ‘L’ key to rewind and forward respectively 10 seconds back or ahead.

Skip to video sections

When you press the number keys from 1 to 9 seeks (jumps) to that percentage of the video. In other words, 1 jumps to 10%, 2 jumps to 20%, 3 jumps to 30%, etc.

Change video playback speed

To decrease the playback speed of a video, hold down the Shift Key and press the ‘,’ (comma) key.

To increase the playback speed of a video, hold down the Shift Key and press the ‘.’ (period) key.

Switch the video to full-screen or theater mode

Pressing the ‘F’ key switches between full-screen and normal mode.

Pressing Esc also exits the full-screen mode.

Pressing ‘T’ key switches between theatre mode and normal mode.

Turn on or off closed captions and subtitles

If a video contains closed captions or subtitles, you can turn them on by pressing the ‘C’ key. Pressing ‘C’ again turns them off.

Turn up and down the volume

Pressing the up or down arrow keys turns up and down the volume of the video. If you are turning down the volume and keep holding the down arrow key, it will eventually mute the volume.

Pressing ‘M’ on the keyboard also mutes and unmutes the volume.

Unix and Linux shortcut keys

Shortcuts help to shorten the time used to perform frequently used commands or actions.

Listed below are the Keyboard shortcut keys and Command line shortcuts.

Ctrl + A	Moves the cursor to the beginning of the line.
Ctrl + B	Moves the cursor backward one character.
Ctrl + C	Cancels the currently running command.
Ctrl + D	Logs out of the current session.
Ctrl + E	Moves the cursor to the end of the line.
Ctrl + F	Moves the cursor forward one character.
Ctrl + H	Erase one character. Similar to pressing backspace.
Ctrl + P	Paste previous line(s).
Ctrl + R	Allows you to search for a previously used command or switch.
Ctrl + S	Stops all output on-screen (XOFF).
Ctrl + Q	Turns all output stopped on-screen back on (XON). Also, closes an application window.
Ctrl + U	Erases the complete line.
Ctrl + W	Deletes the last word typed. For example, if you typed mv file1 file2, this shortcut would delete file2.
Ctrl + Z	Cancels the current operation, moves back a directory or takes the current operation and moves it to the background. See bg command for additional information about background.
Ctrl + Alt + D	Minimizes all application windows and shows the desktop.
Ctrl + Alt + L	Locks the screen.
Ctrl + Alt + T	Opens a new terminal window.
Ctrl+Alt+Up/Down arrow	Switches between workspaces (if you are a power user and use workspaces).
Alt+F2	Open the console to run a command (must be a power user).
Arrow Up/Down	Scroll through previously used commands.

Command-line shortcuts

~	Moves to the user's home directory.
!!	Repeats the line last entered at the shell.
!$	Repeats the last argument for the command last used. See history command for previous commands.
reset	Resets the terminal if the terminal screen is not displaying correctly.
shutdown -h now	Remotely or locally shuts the system down.

Apple Macintosh shortcut keys

The shortcuts below work in most versions of mac OS.

Open Apple + Down	Opens the selected icon.
Shift + Click	Select the icon and add it to the set of those selected.
Tab	Highlight the next icon inside the folder, in alphabetical order.
Shift + Tab	Highlight the previous icon inside the folder, in alphabetical order.
Left arrow	Used when viewing by icon to select the icon to the left of the one highlighted.
Right arrow	Used when viewing by icon to select icon to the right of the one highlighted.
Up arrow	Used to select the icon above the one currently highlighted.
Down arrow	Used to select the icon below the one currently highlighted.
Open Apple+?	Mac help.
Open Apple + E	Eject
Open Apple + Shift + Up Arrow	Used to direct the input focus to the desktop level.
Open Apple + M	Minimize window.
Open Apple + N	New finder window.
Open Apple + Shift + N	New folder.
Open Apple + W	Close the current window.
Open Apple + C	Copy the selected item to the clipboard.
Open Apple + X	Cut the selected item.
Open Apple + V	Paste item from the clipboard.
Open Apple + L	Make alias.
Open Apple + R	Show the original item.
Open Apple + T	Add to favorites.
Open Apple + O	Open the selected icon.
Open Apple + F	Display the find dialog box.
Open Apple + G	Repeat the last find operation.
Open Apple + Shift + G	Takes a snapshot of the screen and saves it to a PICT file.
Command + A	Select all text and objects.
Command + B	Change selected text to boldface.
Command + F	Open the Find window.
Command + I	Italicize the selected text.
Command + P	Open the Print dialog window.
Command + U	Underline the selected text.
Command + Shift + P	Open the Page Setup window, to change document parameters.
Command+Shift+Control+3	Capture screenshot of the current screen and save to the Clipboard.

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